Copyright

Legal & sources

© 2026 Velvut Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or distributed in any form without written permission, except brief quotations used in reviews and non-commercial commentary. Published by Velvut Pte Ltd.

PublisherVelvut Pte Ltd
Registered office25 Bukit Batok Crescent #03-06, The Elitist, Singapore 658066
UEN200912071C
Please read

Not financial advice

This site and book are general educational information only. They explain how money, markets, institutions, and wealth work in plain language. They are not financial, investment, legal, or tax advice, and nothing here is a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any investment.

Markets carry risk. Prices and the value of any asset can fall as well as rise; past performance never guarantees the future. Figures, rankings, and examples are approximate, simplified for teaching, and were accurate only at the time of writing. All amounts are in US dollars unless shown as S$ (Singapore dollars).

Do your own research and, where appropriate, consult a licensed professional. Company, fund, and product names appear for explanation only and do not imply any endorsement. Written for readers aged about 13 and up.

Privacy

Privacy notice

Velvut Pte Ltd is responsible for personal data collected through this site, under Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA).

What we collect. This site uses no cookies, analytics, advertising, or trackers. The only personal data we collect is what you choose to enter in the contact form — your name, email address, and message.

Why, and who sees it. We use those details solely to read and reply to your message. The form is delivered to us by email through our provider, Resend, and kept in our inbox. We do not sell, rent, or share your information, and we do not add you to any mailing list.

Your choices. You can ask what we hold about you, or ask us to correct or delete it, at any time. Our Data Protection Officer can be reached through the contact page.

Where the facts came from

Sources & credits

Figures were checked against public sources at the time of writing; they are approximate and meant to show scale.

Largest banks
S&P Global Market Intelligence; Global Finance.
Biggest IPOs
Company filings and Reuters / Dealroom (incl. SpaceX 2026; Saudi Aramco; Alibaba).
Hedge funds & Medallion
Pensions & Investments; InvestmentNews; “The Man Who Solved the Market,” G. Zuckerman.
Private equity & credit
Private Equity International (PEI 300); McKinsey; AIMA.
Asset managers
Company reports (BlackRock, Vanguard, Fidelity, State Street).
Sovereign wealth funds
Global SWF; Institute of International Finance; Visual Capitalist.
Companies, exchanges, ETFs
stockanalysis.com; Statista; exchange operators.
Cryptocurrencies
Market-capitalisation data, late 2025.
Global debt
Institute of International Finance (IIF), Global Debt Monitor.
Clearing & settlement
The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC).
Singapore
Monetary Authority of Singapore (currency & family offices); IRAS (GST).
Cashless payments
Visual Capitalist and industry payment data.
Hyperinflations
Hanke–Krus world hyperinflation table.
Quotations & word origins
Attributed to their authors; etymologies from standard references.